David theofil ponfor1/13/2023 ![]() ![]() Early plantings occurred in the Siuslaw River, OR Willapa Bay, Washington (WA) (in 1884, Stearns 1885, cited by Carlton 1979) Grays Harbor, WA (in 1888, Collins 1892, cited by Palacios et al. arenaria rapidly became a desirable food item, and was planted deliberately. Some early introductions to other estuaries, such as Coos Bay, Oregon (OR) (~1875, Dall 1897, cited by Carlton 1979) may have also occurred with oyster plantings, but M. It rapidly became abundant and widespread in the Bay, supporting fisheries, as early as the 1880s, and spreading as far upstream as Collinsville and Sherman Lake in the Delta (Cohen and Carlton 1995). hemphilli, Newcomb 1874, cited by Carlton 1979). Mya arenaria was first reported on the West Coast in San Francisco Bay, California in 1874 (as M. North American Invasion History: Invasion History on the West Coast: Recent genetic studies support the recent (post-Pleistocene) introduction of Mya arenaria to Europe and the West Coast of North America (Cross et al. Softshell Clams were apparently introduced to the West Coast with plantings of Eastern Oysters ( Crassostrea virginica) by 1874, and were soon deliberately transplanted as food as far north as Alaska (Carlton 1979 Powers 2006). 2003) and in the Black Sea (Gomiou et al. ![]() It is also established in a few estuaries along the Mediterranean Sea (Zenetos et al. Vikings may have transported this clam to Scandinavia as early as the 13th century, and later shipping and food introductions may have moved it to most of the European coast, from the Barents Sea to the Iberian Peninsula (Petersen 1992 Strasser 1999). arenaria to much of its former range, and beyond. Mya arenaria appears to be extinct in the Arctic Ocean, though determining its present distribution is complicated by occurrence of subfossil shells and other species of Mya and related genera (Bernard 1979, James T. In Europe, the West Coast, and Alaska, it is absent for prehistoric human shell middens, disregarding some probable misidentifications (Carlton 1979).The surviving populations were on the East Coast of North America, and the East Coast of Asia (Vermeij 1989 Strasser 1999). However, based on the fossil record, this species originated in the North Pacific Ocean, possibly around Japan, during the Miocene period and soon colonized the Atlantic, reaching the European coast in the late Pliocene, but then dying out during most of its range in the Pleistocene. Mya arenaria's current native range is from subarctic Labrador, Canada to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina and sporadically to South Carolina (Abbott 1974 Gosner 1978), and in the Northwest Pacific, from the Yellow Sea, China to the Bering Sea (formerly as M. In its introduced range it is a potential competitor with native bivalve species.įirst Non-native North American Tidal Record: 1874 First Non-native West Coast Tidal Record: 1874 First Non-native East/Gulf Coast Tidal Record: It is an important shellfish species in its native range supporting both commercial and recreational fisheries. This species inhabits gravel to muddy bottoms, from the mid-intertidal to about 100 m depth. Introduced populations are known from the West Coast of North America and from Iceland through Southern Europe. Based on fossil records, this species originated in the North Pacific Ocean during the Miocene and soon colonized the Atlantic, reaching the European coast in the late Pliocene, but then dying out through most of its range in the Pleistocene. It is a circumboreal species with a native range including the Western Atlantic (Labrador, Canada to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina) and the Northwest Pacific (the Bering Sea, Russia to the Yellow Sea, China). Mya arenaria is commonly known by a number of names including the Softshell Clam, Gaper, Steamer, Longneck, and Nanny-nose. ![]()
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